# Lucas, Penrose

**The “minds beat machines” side**

J. R. Lucas (1961) made the original argument, and Penrose (1989, 1994) sharpened it: we can see that the Gödel sentence is true, so we are not a fixed rulebook.

Connects to:
- [reaches reality?](https://mapideas.org/i/c_reality)
- [the replies](https://mapideas.org/i/c_replies)
- [Lucas, Penrose](https://mapideas.org/i/b_lp)
- [Gödel](https://mapideas.org/i/godel)

Sources:
- [Wikipedia: Penrose–Lucas argument](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose%E2%80%93Lucas_argument)
- Lucas, J. R. (1961). Minds, Machines and Gödel. Philosophy 36(137), 112–127.
- Penrose, R. (1989). The Emperor’s New Mind. Oxford University Press.

Source: https://mapideas.org/i/c_lucas · open on the map: https://mapideas.org/#c_lucas